Extended Data Fig. 1: Comparative analysis and functional validation of necrotrophic effector proteins in M. oryzae.
(a) Heatmap of homology comparison for the entire set of secreted effector proteins from M. oryzae across different nutritional-type pathogens (biotrophic, hemibiotrophic, and necrotrophic fungi), based on sequence alignment, with color scale indicating homology (darker colors represent higher similarity). (b) Relative expression levels of candidate necrotrophic effectors (MoNee1 to MoNee9) in M. oryzae at different infection time points (12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hpi), quantified by qRT-PCR with HY phase as the control. Error bars, ± SD (n = 3 independent experiment). Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. Exact P values are shown in the figure. The experiment was independently repeated three times. NS, not significant. (c) Necrotic response in tobacco leaves after Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of MoNee1-6 constructs with and without signal peptides, observed under UV illumination at 4 dpi, with necrosis intensity assessed visually, color scale indicates live cells (red) and severe necrosis (green).
