Fig. 2

ISGs are upregulated in senescent NHDFs. a According to quantitative RT-PCR, ISG mRNA levels were significantly increased in NHDFs at passage 23 (p23) compared with passage 5 (p5). Data are expressed as means ± s.e. of triplicate results from two independent experiments. *p < 0.05. IL-6 was the positive control. b IFNα and IFNβ mRNA levels were comparable in NHDFs at passages 5 and 23 (p5 and p23). Data are expressed as means ± s.e. from two independent experiments performed in triplicate. *p < 0.05. c STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9 localized to the nucleus of NHDFs at passage 23 (p23). The STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9 protein levels were increased and their nuclear localization was enhanced in NHDFs at passage 23 (p23) compared with passage 5 (p5). Representative results from three independent experiments are shown. Bar, 10 µm. Positive nuclei were determined by counting 20 cells in every fifth field of view from three experiments in each group. Data are expressed as the means ± s.e. *p < 0.05