Fig. 3: The relationship between the levels of eight selected metabolites and the visual field in glaucoma patients.

Boxplots showing metabolite intensity of betaine (A), L-acetylcarnitine (B), L-carnitine (C), ribonic acid (D), glucaric acid (E), uridine (F), taurine (G), and glutathione (H) in the aqueous humor of control subjects and patients with glaucoma stage 1, stage 2, and stage 3. The statistical analysis used Dunn’s multiple comparison test (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001).