Table 2 The adjusted hazard ratio of premature mortality by objective and subjective aging indicators

From: Joint association of objective and subjective aging with premature mortality

Premature mortality

The number objective and subjective aging indicators

0 (n = 149,499)

1 (n = 144,958)

2 (n = 60,549)

3 (n = 13,417)

4 (n = 1318)

Model 1

All causes

ref

1.21 (1.17–1.25)

1.52 (1.46–1.58)

1.93 (1.83–2.04)

2.62 (2.30–2.99)

CVD

ref

1.22 (1.13–1.32)

1.63 (1.50–1.77)

2.26 (2.01–2.55)

3.06 (2.31–4.05)

Cancer

ref

1.14 (1.09–1.19)

1.31 (1.24–1.38)

1.44 (1.33–1.57)

1.95 (1.58–2.39)

Other causes

ref

1.34 (1.26–1.42)

1.85 (1.73–1.98)

2.65 (2.42–2.90)

3.64 (2.94–4.49)

Model 2

All causes

ref

1.14 (1.11–1.18)

1.34 (1.30–1.39)

1.60 (1.52–1.69)

2.06 (1.80–2.34)

CVD

ref

1.14 (1.05–1.22)

1.39 (1.28–1.51)

1.77 (1.57–1.99)

2.18 (1.65–2.89)

Cancer

ref

1.09 (1.04–1.14)

1.19 (1.13–1.25)

1.25 (1.15–1.36)

1.63 (1.33–2.00)

Other causes

ref

1.26 (1.19–1.34)

1.61 (1.51–1.72)

2.14 (1.95–2.35)

2.71 (2.20–3.36)

Model 3

All causes

ref

1.13 (1.10–1.17)

1.30 (1.26–1.35)

1.51 (1.43–1.59)

1.81 (1.59–2.07)

CVD

ref

1.12 (1.04–1.21)

1.35 (1.24–1.47)

1.68 (1.48–1.89)

1.96 (1.47–2.60)

Cancer

ref

1.08 (1.04–1.13)

1.17 (1.11–1.23)

1.22 (1.12–1.32)

1.55 (1.26–1.91)

Other causes

ref

1.23 (1.16–1.30)

1.52 (1.42–1.62)

1.91 (1.74–2.09)

2.14 (1.73–2.65)

  1. CVD cardiovascular disease, Model 1 chronological age and sex, Model 2 model 1 + race, education levels, Townsend deprivation index, body mass index, smoking status, moderate alcohol consumption, intensity of physical activity, healthy sleep patterns, healthy diet, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, anti-hypertensive drug use, insulin use, and lipid-lowering drug use, Model 3: model 2 + frailty.
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