Table 1 Comparison of clinical characteristics of patients in the non-user and long-term user groups

Characteristic	Non-user group, mean (SD)	Long-term user group, mean (SD)	P-value
Participants, n	55	62	NA
Age, yrs	76 (8)	74 (8)	0.13^a
Male sex, n (%)	24 (44)	35 (56)	0.17^b
PTA-average threshold, dB HL	40.83 (8.16)	51.13 (14.80)	<0.001^a
SF-average threshold, dB HL	NA	35.04 (9.32)	NA
MMSE-J	28 (2)	28 (2)	0.40^a
MMSE-J ≤ 27, No. (%)	13 (24)	12 (20)	0.57^b
MMSE-J < 24, No. (%)	2 (4)	2 (3)	0.90^b
SDMT, %	39 (10)	42 (10)	0.14^a

dB HL degree of hearing loss in decibels, MMSE-J Japanese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination, NA not applicable, PTA pure-tone audiometry, SD standard deviation, SDMT Symbol Digit Modalities Test, SF sound-field audiometry.
^aStatistical analysis is performed using the Mann–Whitney U test.
^bStatistical analysis is performed using the χ² test.

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