Table 1 Techniques used for identification of the 23 atherosclerotic plaque-associated bacteria

Aggregatibacter actinomycetecomitans

PCR

71.4 % [5/7]

⁷⁶

[Phylum: Proteobacteria]

16S rRNA

66.67 % [28/42]

^{77, 78}

mAb

17 % [5/29]

^{25, 79}

16S rRNA

21.87 % [7/32]

⁸⁰

16S rRNA

18 % [9/50]

⁸¹

16S rRNA

25.9 % [7/27]

⁸²

RT-PCR

46.2 % [18/39]

^{83, 84}

16S rRNA

29.4 % [15/51]

^{85, 86}

Chlamydiae pneumoniae

mAb

20.6 % [6/29]

^{25, 79}

[Phylum: Chlamydiae]

16s rRNA

35.4 % [11/31]

^{25, 80}

16s rDNA

18 % [9/50]

^{25, 81}

ICC/PCR

48 % [11/23]

⁸⁷

16S rRNA

51.5 % [17/33]

⁸⁸

MIF IgA

32.6 % [63/193]

⁸⁹

MIF IgG

61.7 % [119/193]

⁸⁹

16S rRNA

26 % [12/46]

⁹⁰

PCR

42 % [102/241 sections (10 samples)]

⁹¹

PCR

69 % [11/16]

⁹²

Immunofluorescence

79 % [71/90]

⁹³

PCR

70 % [42/60]

⁹⁴

IgG antibody

61.7 % [50/81]

⁹⁵

Campylobacter rectus

16S rRNA

9.52 % [4/42]

^{77, 78, 96}

[Phylum: Proteobacteria]

PCR

11.7 % [6/51]

^{83, 85}

16S rRNA

21.51 % [11/51]

^{83, 85, 97}

16S rRNA

15.7 % [8/51]

⁹⁸

16S rRNA

21.51 % [11/51]

⁸²

Enteroacter hormaechei

16S rRNA

50 % [134/268]

⁴

[Phylum: Proteobacteria]

16S rRNA

40 % [2/5]

⁹⁹

Eikenella corrodens

16S rRNA

54.76 % [23/42]

^{77, 78}

[Phylum: Proteobacteria]

PCR

15.6 % [8/51]

⁹⁶

16S rRNA

27.45 % [14/51]

⁹⁸

Fusobacterium nucleatum

16S rRNA

50 % [21/42]

^{77, 78}

[Phylum: Fusobacteria]

Monoclonal antibody

34 % [10/29]

^{79, 25}

PCR

21 % [4/19]

¹⁰⁰

Fusobacterium necrophorum

–

–

^101,102,103

[Phylum: Fusobacteria]

Helicobacter pylori

IgA

55.4 % [107/193]

⁸⁹

[Phylum: Proteobacteria]

IgM

44.6 % [86/193]

⁸⁹

16S rRNA

37 % [17/46]

⁹⁰

IHC

57.8 % [22/38]

¹⁰⁴

PCR

92.16 % [47/51]

¹⁰⁵

IgG

67.9 % [55/81]

⁹⁵

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Seropositivity

14 % [396]

¹⁰⁶

[Phylum: Tenericutes]

–

–

¹⁰⁷

Porphyromonas endodontalis

–

–

¹⁰⁸

[Phylum: Bacteriodetes]

Porphyromonas gingivalis

16S rRNA

78.57 % [33/42]

^{77, 78}

[Phylum: Bacteriodetes]

PCR

71.43 % [5/7]

⁷⁶

16S rRNA

67 % [134]

⁴

mAb

52 % [15/29]

^{79, 25}

16S rRNA

22.27 % [6/22]

^{25, 80}

16S rRNA

26 % [13/50]

^{81, 25}

PCR

47.4 % [9/19]

¹⁰⁰

PCR

51 % [27/53]

^{109, 110}

PCR

43.1 % [22/51]

⁹⁶

16S rRNA

45.1 % [23/51]

^{83, 85}

16S rRNA

21.6 % [11/51]

^{83, 85, 97}

RT-PCR

53.8 % [21/39]

^{83, 84}

16S rRNA

45.1 % [23/51]

⁹⁸

16S rRNA

7.4 % [2/27]

⁸²

Prevotella intermedia

mAb

41 % [12/29]

^{25, 79}

[Phylum: Bacteriodetes]

16S rRNA

9.37 % [3/32]

^{25, 80}

16S rRNA

14 % [7/50]

^{25, 81}

PCR

21 % [4/19]

¹⁰⁰

PCR

15 % [8/53]

^{23, 110}

PCR

19.6 % [10/51]

⁹⁶

RT-PCR

79.3 % [23/29]

^{83, 84}

PCR

71.43 % [5/7]

⁷⁶

16S rRNA

3.7 % [1/27]

⁸²

Prevotella nigrescens

PCR

15.6 % [8/51]

⁹⁶

[Phylum: Bacteriodetes]

RT-PCR

17.9 % [7/39]

^{83, 84}

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

16S rRNA

40 % [6/15]

⁷⁴

[Phylum: Proteobacteria]

Pseudomonas luteola

16S rRNA

100 % [15/15]

¹¹¹

[Phylum: Proteobacteria]

Streptococcus gordonii

16S rRNA

19.4 % [-]

⁸²

Streptococcus mitis

16S rRNA

19.4 % [-]

Streptococcus mutans

16S rRNA

74.1 % [20/27]

Streptococcus oralis

16S rRNA

3.7 % [1/27]

Streptococcus sanguinis

16S rRNA

25.9 % [7/27]

[Phylum: Firmicutes]

Treponema denticola

PCR

43 % [23/53]

^{83, 109}

[Phylum: Spirochaetes]

16S rRNA

44.4 % [12/27]

⁸²

PCR

35.2 % [18/51]

⁹⁶

16S rRNA

49.01 % [25/51]

^{83, 85}

16S rRNA

27.4 % [14/51]

^{83, 85, 86}

16S rRNA

23.1 % [6/26]

^{82, 86}

16S rRNA

49.01 % [25/51]

⁹⁸

Tannerella forsythia

16S rRNA

61.9 % [26/42]

⁷⁷

[Phylum: Bacteriodetes]

PCR

100 % [7/7]

⁷⁶

mAb

34 % [10/29]

^{25, 79}

16S rRNA

30 % [15/50]

^{25, 81}

PCR

10.5 % [2/19]

¹⁰⁰

PCR

19.6 % [10/51]

⁹⁶

16S rRNA

5.9 % [3/51]

^{78, 83, 85}

RT-PCR

25.6 % [10/39]

^{83, 84}

Veillonella

16S rRNA

10 % [2/20]

¹¹²

[Phylum: Firmicutes]

16S rRNA

100 % [13/13]

¹¹¹