Fig. 1: Identification of genes involved in pellicle biofilm formation.

a Schematics of the sipW-bsaABCRSD operon. A bent arrow indicates the transcriptional start site. Predicted transcriptional terminators are shown. b Pellicle biofilm formation of the mutant strains. Cells were grown for 2 days at 25 °C. The edges of pellicle biofilms, formed at the bottom of the well, were picked by pipetting and photographed after gentle agitation. c Northern blot analysis using sipW and bsaR gene-specific DNA probes. WT C. perfringens cells were grown to the mid-exponential phase (OD600 = 1.0) at 37 or 25 °C. In each lane, 1 μg of total RNA was loaded. 16S rRNAs stained with methylene blue are shown at the bottom as a loading control.