Table 3 Baseline characteristics of patients according to mortality status before matching.

From: Gut dysbiosis and mortality in hemodialysis patients

Characteristic

Dead (n = 15)

Alive (n = 94)

P Value

Age (years)

74 ± 10

68 ± 10

0.031

Male sex, n (%)

7 (46.7%)

50 (53.2%)

0.638

DM, n (%)

6 (40.0%)

48 (51.1%)

0.426

CVD, n (%)

9 (60.0%)

41 (43.6%)

0.237

Charlson comorbidity index

1–2

0 (0.0%)

1 (1.1%)

 

3–4

0 (0.0%)

20 (21.3%)

0.126

≥5

15 (100.0%)

73 (77.7%)

 

Dialysis vintage (years)

7.0 (6.0–9.0)

8.0 (4.1–11.1)

0.747

Dialysis access type

Arteriovenous fistula

10 (66.7%)

86 (91.5%)

 

Arteriovenous graft

4 (26.7%)

8 (8.5%)

0.004

Central venous catheter

1 (6.7%)

0 (0.0%)

 

BMI (kg/m2)

22.6 ± 3.3

24.0 ± 3.5

0.146

FTI (kg/m2)

8.7 ± 4.7

9.7 ± 3.9

0.363

LTI (kg/m2)

13.4 ± 3.0

13.5 ± 3.2

0.886

BF (%)

27.2 ± 12.5

29.2 ± 9.8

0.469

Overhydration (%)

5.8 (−5.4–12.4)

4.1 (−2.6–10.0)

0.829

SGA score

5.5 (5.0–7.0)

6.0 (6.0–7.0)

0.082

PASE score

9 (0–68)

51 (23–67)

0.080

Medication

PPI, n (%)

1 (7.1%)

9 (9.6%)

0.770

Calcium carbonate, n (%)

10 (71.4%)

79 (84.0%)

0.248

CCB, n (%)

6 (42.9%)

45 (47.9%)

0.726

β-blocker, n (%)

7 (50.0%)

44 (46.8%)

0.823

RAASi, n (%)

4 (28.6%)

32 (34.0%)

0.685

Dietary intake (servings/day)

Vegetables

1.8 (0.4–2.7)

2.3 (1.6–3.3)

0.059

Fruits

0.7 (0.2–1.0)

0.7 (0.3–1.2)

0.559

Meat

0.6 (0.0–1.3)

0.7 (0.4–1.3)

0.353

Laboratory parameters

Kt/V

1.6 ± 0.6

1.8 ± 0.3

0.142

nPNA (g/kg/day)

1.1 ± 0.2

1.2 ± 0.3

0.164

Albumin (g/dl)

3.8 ± 0.3

4.0 ± 0.4

0.148

Fasting glucose (mg/dl)

112 (97–147)

109 (99–147)

0.847

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

135 (124–152)

158 (143–186)

0.012

LDL (mg/dl)

74 (63–87)

90 (72–111)

0.016

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

88 (58–192)

106 (75–154)

0.305

Calcium (mmol/l)

9.2 ± 0.8

9.3 ± 0.8

0.544

Phosphorus (mg/dl)

4.9 ± 1.5

5.3 ± 1.3

0.389

iPTH (pg/ml)

183 (25–467)

345 (179–517)

0.249

CRP (mg/dl)

0.30 (0.14–0.88)

0.27 (0.15–0.62)

0.556

IL-6 (pg/ml)

16.87 (11.57–34.59)

7.15 (4.90–14.67)

0.002

TNF-α (pg/ml)

7.15 (1.86–18.67)

3.40 (1.27–6.54)

0.040

  1. BF body fat, BMI body mass index, CCB calcium channel blocker, CRP C-reactive protein, CVD cardiovascular disease, DM diabetes mellitus, FTI fat tissue index, IL-6 interleukin-6, iPTH intact parathyroid hormone, LDL low-density lipoprotein, LTI lean tissue index, nPNA normalized protein nitrogen appearance, PASE the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, PPI proton pump inhibitor, RAASi renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor, SGA subjective global assessment, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α.
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