Fig. 5: Distinct metabolites, as identified by clustering and multivariate analyses, between the miscarriage (Mis) and control (Con) groups.

a Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) for the miscarriage and control group metabolites based on their z-normalized abundances. b The discriminatory metabolites of top 16 VIP scores which obtained from the OPLS-DA models. c Abundance comparisons of metabolites between the miscarriage and control groups. The bar are shown as mean ± SD.