Fig. 3: iAMF and ciprofloxacin cause bacterial morphologic changes.

Laser scanning confocal microscopy of P. aeruginosa (PAO1) biofilm-infected rings 12 h post start of treatment (top and side views). Bacteria within the biofilm express a green fluorescent protein (GFP) while EPS are stained with ConcanavalinA-Alexa Fluor 647 conjugate, fluorescing red. Rings were a treated with iAMF (T_max = 65 °C) for 1 h, then incubated in MHII media for 12 h, b incubated in ciprofloxacin at 0.5 μg mL⁻¹ for 12 h or c treated with 1 h iAMF while incubating with 0.5 μg mL⁻¹ of ciprofloxacin for 12 h. d Untreated control. Scale Bar: 100 μm.