Fig. 4: iAMF displays dose-dependent reductions of P. aeruginosa biofilm in combination with ciprofloxacin.

iAMF doses (T_max = 65 °C, Δt_exp = 5 min) were delivered at 0 and 12 h with 3, 6, or 12 exposures in each dose (incubated with 0.5 μg mL⁻¹ of ciprofloxacin). Colony-forming units (CFU) were counted immediately after the first iAMF dose (left) and at 24 h post treatment (right). For treatment with ciprofloxacin alone (post first dose for no AMF) CFU was counted after 1 h in ciprofloxacin. The CFU at time 0 was 6.81 log(CFU cm⁻²). n = 3. Error bars indicate SD. CFU limit of detection (LOD) = 0.78 log(CFU cm⁻²). Two-way ANOVA. Statistical significance: p = 0.0318 (*) and p < 0.0001 (****).