Fig. 5: iAMF and antibiotics are synergistic in reducing S. aureus biofilm.

S. aureus (UAMS1) biofilm was treated with iAMF doses at 0 and 12 h (T_max = 65 °C, Δt_exp = 5 min, 15 min per dose) and specified antibiotic. a Biofilm log reduction (CFU) post 24 h with iAMF and 2 μg mL⁻¹ ceftriaxone. CFU was counted at time points 0, 12 (pre- and post-iAMF), and 24 h. b CFU of S. aureus biofilm 24 h post-treatment with iAMF and ceftriaxone (2 μg mL⁻¹) or linezolid (2 μg mL⁻¹). n = 3. Error bars indicate SD. CFU limit of detection (LOD) = 0.78 log(CFU cm⁻²). Two-way ANOVA. Statistical significance: not significant (ns), and significance at p < 0.0001 (****).