Table 1 Information of strains, plasmids, and oligos used in this study.

Strains

B. thuringiensis 407 Cry- (Bt407)

Acrystalliferous B. thuringiensis type strain

¹¹¹

Bt407 mKate

Bt407 transformed with pTB604

³¹

Bt407 FS GFP

Bt407 evolved FS variant from P1 transformed with pTB603

This study

Bt407 N mKate

Bt407 evolved N variant from P1 transformed with pTB604

This study

Bt407ΔrfbM

Bt407 introduced a deletion mutation of rfbM

This study

E. coli XL-1 Blue

recA1 endA1 gyrA96 thi-1 hsdR17 supE44 relA1 lac [F ́ proAB lacIqZ∆M15 Tn10 (Tet^R)]

¹²⁹

Plasmids

pMAD

Shuttle vector, bgaB, bla, ermC (Amp^R and Ery^R)

¹¹⁵

pMAD (I-SceI)

pMAD containing I-SceI digestion site (Amp^R and Ery^R)

¹¹⁶

pBKJ223

A vector expressing the I-SceI enzyme (Amp^R and Tet^R)

¹¹⁴

pTB603

pNW33N with P_hyspank-GFP

³¹

pTB604

pNW33N with P_hyspank-mKATE2

³¹

Oligos

oYL51

Forward oligo to check if a mutation is present in BTB_RS26870

CCGGAATTCTCTAGCTACTCTCACTACT

This study

oYL52

Reverse oligo to check if a mutation is present in BTB_RS26870

CGCGGATCCCTAGGGTGAGGAGATAATA

This study

oYL55

Forward oligo to amplify left arm of the homologous fragment with EcoRI site

CCG GAA TTCAACCTTATAATCCTCATGGG

This study

oYL56

Reverse oligo to amplify left arm of the homologous fragment with XbaI site

GCTCTAGAGCAATGGAAAGAAATAGAGG

This study

oYL57

Forward oligo to amplify right arm of the homologous fragment with XbaI site

GCTCTAGATATTATCTCCTCACCCTAGA

This study

oYL58

Reverse oligo to amplify right arm of the homologous fragment with BamHI site

CGCGGATCCTTATGCTTGGGATTTGCAAC

This study

oYL49

Forward oligo for sequencing the insert of multi cloning sites of pMAD

TCTATCGATGCATGCCAT

This study

oYL50

Reverse oligo for sequencing the insert of multi cloning sites of pMAD

AGAATCATAATGGGGAAGG

This study

qBCE3

Forward oligo to amplify the housekeeping gene rpoA

CGTGGATATGGTACTACTTTGG

¹²⁵

qBCE4

Reverse oligo to amplify the housekeeping gene rpoA

TTCTACTACGCCCTCAACTG

¹²⁵

oYL61

Forward oligo to amplify the housekeeping gene udp

ACTAGAGAAACTTGGAAATGATCG

¹³⁰

oYL62

Reverse oligo to amplify the housekeeping gene udp

GACGCTTAATTGCACGGAAC

¹³⁰

oYL63

Forward oligo to amplify the gene manA for RT-qPCR

CTTACGGTTCTTAATGTCGC

This study

oYL64

Reverse oligo to amplify the gene manA for RT-qPCR

CGTATTGATAGTGATGGGAA

This study

oYL65

Forward oligo to amplify the gene lytR for RT-qPCR

TAGGAGTGCTGATTATTGGT

This study

oYL66

Reverse oligo to amplify the gene lytR for RT-qPCR

AGAATCTGATCGTCCTACC

This study