Fig. 1: Differences in gut microbiota taxonomic composition between high-altitude populations and low-altitude populations of the wild rhesus macaque.

a, b Alpha diversity differences (Shannon index, Simpson index; Welch’s t-test), The boxes represent 25th–75th percentiles, black lines indicate the median and whiskers extend to the maximum and minimum values within 1.5× the interquartile range, point represents the actual value of the sample. c Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of individuals in high and low altitude populations based on gut microbiota at the species level (Bray–Curtis distance; Adonis test, R2 = 0.16, P < 0.001), The ellipse borders represent the 95% confidence interval. d Relative abundance of gut microbiota taxa at the phylum level. e Relative abundance of gut microbiota taxa at the genus level. f Species level differential relative abundance heatmaps of the gut microbiota between high-altitude and low-altitude populations in the RMs (LEfSe analysis, LDA > 2, P < 0.01).