Fig. 6: Faecal and serum metabolomes analyses of L. reuteri-treated darkness rats.

Scatter plot of scores from PCA of faecal metabolome (a) and serum metabolome (b) in positive ion and negative ion modes. Relative abundances of differential metabolites (highly or lowly expressed in darkness rats compared with control and DL.reuteri rats) identified by analyses of faecal metabolome (c) and serum metabolome (d). Based on the OPLS-DA model, variable importance in the projection (VIP) value > 1. P < 0.05 by unpaired Student’s t-test of the peak area between each two groups. Predictive KEGG pathway analysis performed on the MetaboAnalyst website using the above 33 differential faecal metabolites (e) and 11 differential serum metabolites (f). The boxplot elements were defined as following: center line, median; box limits, upper, and lower quartiles; whiskers, 1.5 × interquartile range. Points outside the whiskers represented outlier samples. n = 8 per group.