Fig. 3: Multimodal effects and heterogenic response to stressors. | npj Biofilms and Microbiomes

Fig. 3: Multimodal effects and heterogenic response to stressors.

From: A three-colour stress biosensor reveals multimodal response in single cells and spatiotemporal dynamics of biofilms

Fig. 3

a Multimodal response of RGB-S E. coli to stress inducers depicted as fold changes (FC) of fluorescence signal relative to non-stressed controls. Error bars are the standard deviation (SD) of six biological replicates. (*) test and control show significant difference (p ≤ 0.05), evaluated by Independent Samples T-Test for normal means and Mann-Whitney U Test for not normal means. For starvation, significance was determined by Paired Sample T-Test. Cultures containing the reporter plasmid were incubated for 5 h in Luria-Bertani medium supplemented with kanamycin (LB+kan), except for starvation that was conducted over 9 days. b Analysis of heterogenic response on the single-cell level to 2-propanol 2% (v/v) determined by microscopy analysis after 5 h incubation. Scale bar is 25 µm. c Representative images (obtained from b) showing cells that display single, multimodal, or no stress response. Scale bar is 5 µm. Red, green and blue colours indicate physiological stress, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, respectively.

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