Table 1 Characteristics of Study Participants

From: Sociobiome - Individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status influence the gut microbiome in a multi-ethnic population in the US

Variable

Overall (N = 825)

Age

Mean (SD) [min, max]

59.6 (11.1) [40, 91]

Sex

Male

303 (36.7%)

Female

522 (63.3%)

Nativity

U.S.-born

428 (51.9%)

Foreign-born

397 (48.1%)

Race/Ethnicity

Non-Hispanic White

311 (37.7%)

Non-Hispanic Asian

287 (34.8%)

Non-Hispanic Black

89 (10.8%)

Hispanic

138 (16.7%)

Smoking status

Never

537 (65.1%)

Former

202 (24.5%)

Current

78 (9.5%)

Missing

8 (1.0%)

Exercise

None

112 (13.6%)

1 h/week

196 (23.8%)

2–3 h/week

252 (30.5%)

4 h/week

256 (31.0%)

Missing

9 (1.1%)

Dietary acculturation index

Mean (SD) [min, max]

-0.001 (0.120) [-0.315, 0.292]

Missing

44 (5.3%)

Body mass index, kg/m2

Mean (SD) [min, max]

27.4 (6.4) [15.5, 55.6]

Missing

20 (2.4%)

Individual-level SES

Education

More than high school graduate

614 (74.4%)

High school graduate or less; Low SES

206 (25.0%)

Missing

5 (0.6%)

OSEI

Q5 [81.025, 92.782]

132 (16.0%)

Q4 [62.947, 80.919]

135 (16.4%)

Q3 [43.859, 62.573]

120 (14.5%)

Q2 [28.681, 42.994]

168 (20.4%)

Q1 [12.609, 28.645]; Lowest SES

139 (16.8%)

Missing

131 (15.9%)

Neighborhood-level SES

Income

Q5 [86302, 209063]

165 (20.0%)

Q4 [63446, 85551]

165 (20.0%)

Q3 [51806, 63036]

165 (20.0%)

Q2 [36250, 51773]

164 (19.9%)

Q1 [11809, 36236]; Lowest SES

166 (20.1%)

SDI score

Q5 [1, 21]

165 (20.0%)

Q4 [22, 48]

170 (20.6%)

Q3 [49, 74]

160 (19.4%)

Q2 [75, 91]

185 (22.4%)

Q1 [92,100]; Lowest SES

145 (17.6%)

  1. Values are presented as the mean (SD) for continuous variables and as the number of counts and percentages for categorical variables, the range is in the brackets. Income variable was derived using median household income (dollars) in the past 12 months (B19013_001) in the census tract obtained from American Census Survey 2011–2015. OSEI Occupational Socioeconomic Index, SDI Social Deprivation Index