Fig. 5: Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) of cervicovaginal fluid samples of preterm- and term-delivered women at gestational time point (GTP) 1 (20–22 weeks, n = 49).

a Positive ionisation mode that detects peaks corresponding to protonated metabolites. b Negative ionisation mode, which detects peaks corresponding to deprotonated metabolites. c Fold change of metabolites that differ between preterm- vs. term-delivered women at GTP1. All the metabolites were upregulated in the women who delivered preterm except isobutrin (Welch’s t-test).