Fig. 1: Gut microbial community composition and diversity.

A Heatmap showing the distribution of the top 25 enriched species between AD patients and healthy controls. B PCoA plot illustrating β-diversity (unweighted UniFrac distance) to compare microbial communities between patients with AD and healthy controls. C Comparison of α-diversity between AD patients and healthy controls. D Pearson correlation between microbial diversity and microbial species (FDR < 0.05). E Structural equation model to assess the mediating effect of microbial diversity on the causal role of B. longum in the AD development (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). AD atopic dermatitis, PCoA Principal Coordinate Analysis, PC1 principal component 1.