Fig. 2: F.nucleatum promoted intestinal barrier disruption in UC mice.

A Representative fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) image assessing the amount of F.nucleatum in the intestinal lumen and intestinal tissue of mice (left) and the quantification in panel (right). EUB338 (red) is a Cy3-conjugated universal bacterial oligonucleotide probe, FUS664 (green) is a FAM-conjugated F. nucleatum-specific oligonucleotide probe (scale: 50 μm) (n = 5). B Alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff (AB-PAS) staining of the colon (left) and the relative quantification of the stained area (right) (scale: 500 μm, up; 100 μm, down) (n = 5). C Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the physiologic structure of the epithelial junction complex of the mouse colon (left). TEM of mice intestinal epithelium, with yellow arrowheads indicating the junction complex (scale: 2 μm, up; 500 nm, down) (right) (n = 5). D FITC-dextran (FD4) permeability assay evaluated mice intestinal epithelial permeability (n = 5). E Immunohistochemical staining for ZO-1 and CLDN-1 of mice colon (scale: 100 μm) and the average optical density was shown on the right side. F Western blotting analysis of ZO-1 and CLDN-1 of mice colon and quantification. β-actin was used as the loading control (n = 3). G RT-qPCR measured the relative mRNA levels of ZO-1 and CLDN-1 in the colon of mice. All data represent the mean ± SEM. Each dot indicated an individual mouse. *P < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, by one-way or two-way ANOVA, followed by a post hoc test.