Fig. 2: Association between microbiota and systemic diseases.
From: Fusobacterium in the microbiome: from health to disease across the oral–gut axis and beyond
The left side highlights major diseases linked to microbiota in the oral cavity and pharynx, including periodontitis, endodontic infections, gingivitis, tonsillitis, and head and neck cancers. The central human figure indicates bodily systems potentially impacted by microbiota-related conditions, including the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, and urogenital tract. In the gastrointestinal tract, specific conditions such as appendicitis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and colorectal cancer are shown. The right side lists additional diseases associated with microbiota, such as endocarditis, atherosclerosis, respiratory tract infections, brain abscess, liver abscess, and osteomyelitis. In females, microbiota imbalances may also be linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm labor, stillbirth, and chorioamnionitis. The color coding represents the strength of evidence linking these diseases to microbiota: red for moderate evidence, orange for some evidence, and green for associative evidence. This figure was created using MedPeer (medpeer.cn), and appropriate publication and licensing rights have been obtained.
