Fig. 4: The gene expression of key enzymes related to ganglioside synthesis in the liver and white adipose tissue of Marmota himalayana during hibernation.
From: Intestinal bacteria trigger a hibernation-like state in homotherms via the gut-brain axis
A–F Relative mRNA expression of serine phosphatase (A), long chain fatty acid-CoA ligase (B), 3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase (C), ceramide synthase 4 (D), sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase (E) and ganglioside GM2 activator (F), as compared to tubulin via RT-qPCR in active (green, n = 3) and hibernating marmots (pink, n = 3). G Diagram of ganglioside synthesis. Red arrows indicate parts of the pathway that were significantly upregulated in both liver and WAT (white adipose tissue). In the bar graphs, the green and pink bars indicate the active and hibernation periods, respectively. All bar graphs depict means ± standard errors of the mean. Two-tailed unpaired t-tests (A–C) were used to detect statistical significance. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
