Fig. 3: The microbial community is affected by physicochemical factors.

Redundancy analysis (RDA) for physicochemical factors and benthic bacterial communities (A), Mantel test evaluates correlations between bacterial composition, richness, diversity, core speciesrelative abundance and various physicochemical parameters (B). Variance partitioning analysis (VPA) quantifies the relativecontributions of chemical and physical factors to benthic microbial community variations (C). Random forest analysis reveals thepredictive importance (percentage increase in mean square error) of environmental factors driving bacterial community succession incomposition (D), richness (E), diversity (F), and core species relative abundance (G). Significance levels: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, with “ns” indicating non-significance (other abbreviations as in Fig. S2).