Fig. 1
From: Breast cancers are rare diseases—and must be treated as such

Schema for addressing multiple breast cancer disease entities through integrated diagnostic assay, targeted therapeutic, and clinical trial strategies. Panel a: Molecular stratification to identify treatment refractory tumors; ideally performed within unified patient cohorts or clinical trial biobanks. Green represents patients at low residual risk following standard of care (eligible for future monitoring or treatment reduction trials). Purple/blue patients are those with treatment refractory tumors with candidate molecular drivers. Panel b: Overview of preclinical validation for pathway drivers. Given extensive targeted drug portfolios repurposing of existing agents may act as a further accelerator to clinical validation. Panel c: Draft clinical trial schema–matching molecular strata (purple/blue) to repurposed drugs