Fig. 1

PPM1A is underexpressed in ER-negative breast cancer and correlates with poor survival. a PPM1A is underexpressed in ER-negative breast cancer compared to ER-positive breast cancer in eight publically available datasets. Center lines show median, whiskers represent 95% confidence intervals, and dashes indicate maximum and minimum values. p-values were calculated using Student’s t-test (****p < 0.0001). b Low PPM1A expression correlates with poor survival. Kaplan–Meier curves were generated from the van de Vijver dataset, showing overall survival of all breast cancer (n = 295), ER-positive (n = 266), and ER-negative (n = 69) patients. High and low expression groups were dichotomized by median PPM1A expression in each group. Curve comparisons of stratified groups were calculated using the Mantel-Cox log-rank test, with p < 0.05 being considered statistically significant