Table 2 Meta-analyzed odds ratios comparing odds of breast cancer diagnosis at stage II, or III/IV versus stage I by social drivers of health

From: Associations between social drivers of health and breast cancer stage at diagnosis among U.S. Black women

 

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III/IV

BWHS

N

CBCS

N

WCHS/

WCHFS

N

BWHS

N

CBCS

N

WCHS/

WCHFS

N

Meta-analyzed ORa (95% CI)

BWHS

N

CBCS

N

WCHS/WCHFS

N

Meta-analyzed ORa (95% CI)

Marital status

 Married/living as married

445

224

284

259

278

243

Reference

119

117

92

Reference

 Single

167

94

264

109

127

233

1.02 (0.70, 1.48)

49

74

90

1.02 (0.63, 1.65)

 Separated/divorced/widowed

346

194

212

189

253

200

1.07 (0.77, 1.48)

93

131

107

1.21 (0.80, 1.85)

Years of education

 ≥16 years

581

167

236

348

201

193

Reference

151

87

82

Reference

 13–15 years

249

159

222

145

231

207

1.10 (0.78, 1.55)

66

112

84

1.14 (0.73, 1.78)

 ≤12 years

126

186

302

64

226

275

1.05 (0.71, 1.55)

45

123

123

1.21 (0.74, 1.97)

Household incomeb

 High

164

42

149

101

61

104

Reference

37

14

34

Reference

 Medium high

364

118

185

211

124

142

1.00 (0.64, 1.56)

94

50

56

1.29 (0.68, 2.45)

 Medium low

282

186

159

152

223

153

1.09 (0.69, 1.72)

81

108

71

1.66 (0.88, 3.12)

 Low

92

145

223

64

211

221

1.37 (0.82, 2.29)

34

131

110

2.17 (1.08, 4.37)

Income for household sizec

 Above the federal poverty line

846

387

591

488

598

477

Reference

224

193

195

Reference

 Below the federal poverty line

32

104

125

28

60

143

1.42 (0.94, 2.14)

16

110

75

1.91 (1.17, 3.10)

Health insurance

 Yes

881

476

686

507

598

587

Reference

235

294

235

Reference

 No

64

35

74

36

60

89

1.14 (0.69, 1.88)

24

28

54

1.45 (0.80, 2.62)

Utilized routine screening mammographyd

 Yes

647

289

408

291

249

260

Reference

133

91

82

Reference

 No

60

95

82

43

168

123

1.94 (1.25, 3.00)

39

112

60

3.21 (1.90, 5.43)

 Below age for universal screening

250

106

235

222

221

260

1.52 (1.03, 2.25)

88

114

132

1.62 (0.97, 2.71)

  1. BWHS Black Women’s Health Study, CBCS Carolina Breast Cancer Study, WCHS Women’s Circle of Health Study, WCHFS Women’s Circle of Health Follow-up Study, OR odds ratio, CI Confidence Interval.
  2. aORs were adjusted for age at diagnosis (continuous), income for household size, and insurance status across all three studies
  3. bCategory definitions varied by study. BWHS: >$100,000, $50,001–$100,000, $25,001–$50,000, and ≤$25,000; WCHS/WCHFS: ≥$90,000, $50,000–$89,999, $25,000–$49,999, and <$25,000; CBCS: >$100,000, $50,001–$100,000, $20,000–$50,000, and <$20,000
  4. c BWHS and CBCS calculations were based off of the 2010 poverty line. The WCHS/WCHFS calculation was based on the 2013 poverty line.
  5. d BWHS and WCHS/WCHFS defined age 50 as the age for universal screening, while CBCS used age 45 as the universal screening cutoff.