Table 1 Patient and Tumor Characteristics of women <75 y at diagnosis in EMBRACE cohort (N = 4189)

From: The association between young age at metastatic breast cancer diagnosis and overall survival in the EMBRACE study

Variablea

Total (N = 4189)

≤40 y (N = 571)

>40–55 y (N = 1693)

>55- <75 y (N = 1925)

Died

2190 (52%)

304 (53%)

914 (54%)

971 (50%)

Time from met dx to death or censorship, median (IQR)

2.5 (1.1–4.7)

2.3 (0.9–4.6)

2.5 (1.0–4.9)

2.6 (1.1–4.7)

Germline PV testing done

2610 (62%)

370 (65%)

1028 (61%)

1212 (63%)

Known PVsb

ATM

15 (0.6%)

2 (0.5%)

7 (0.7%)

6 (0.5%)

BRCA1

40 (2%)

9 (2%)

18 (2%)

13 (1%)

BRCA2

59 (2%)

9 (2%)

30 (3%)

20 (2%)

CHEK2

31 (1%)

3 (0.8%)

14 (1%)

14 (1%)

PALB2

13 (0.5%)

2 (0.5%)

4 (0.4%)

7 (0.6%)

TP53

9 (0.3%)

3 (0.8%)

4 (0.4%)

2 (0.2%)

Other PV

62 (2%)

9 (2%)

25 (2%)

28 (2%)

Primary tumor characteristics

Age at dx, median (IQR)

49 (41–56)

34 (30–36)

45 (41–49)

57 (52–63)

Stage

0

57 (1%)

4 (1%)

28 (2%)

25 (1%)

1

589 (14%)

35 (6%)

213 (13%)

341 (18%)

2

1425 (34%)

170 (30%)

593 (35%)

662 (34%)

3

1031 (25%)

150 (26%)

438 (26%)

443 (23%)

4 (de novo)

1008 (24%)

204 (36%)

396 (23%)

408 (21%)

Missing stage

79 (2%)

8 (1%)

25 (1%)

46 (2%)

Histology

DCIS

66 (2%)

6 (1%)

29 (2%)

31 (2%)

Invasive ductal

2992 (71%)

476 (83%)

1264 (75%)

1252 (65%)

Invasive lobular

535 (13%)

29 (5%)

164 (10%)

342 (18%)

Tubular

6 (0%)

0 (0%)

3 (0%)

3 (0%)

Mucinous

15 (0%)

2 (0%)

7 (0%)

6 (0%)

Micropapillary

6 (0%)

1 (0%)

4 (0%)

1 (0%)

Mixed (IDC and ILC)

357 (9%)

28 (5%)

147 (9%)

182 (9%)

Missing/Other

212 (5%)

29 (5%)

75 (4%)

108 (6%)

Tumor grade

1

275 (7%)

12 (2%)

100 (6%)

163 (8%)

2

1618 (39%)

161 (28%)

646 (38%)

811 (42%)

3

1907 (46%)

367 (64%)

807 (48%)

733 (38%)

Missing

389 (9%)

31 (5%)

140 (8%)

218 (11%)

Subtype

Luminal A-likec

1248 (30%)

103 (18%)

529 (31%)

616 (32%)

Luminal B-liked

1156 (28%)

181 (32%)

425 (25%)

550 (29%)

HR + /HER2+

471 (11%)

102 (18%)

214 (13%)

155 (8%)

HR-/HER2+

279 (7%)

63 (11%)

127 (8%)

89 (5%)

HR-/HER2-

675 (16%)

109 (19%)

290 (17%)

276 (14%)

Missing

360 (9%)

13 (2%)

108 (6%)

239 (12%)

Metastatic tumor and treatment characteristics

Age at met dx, median (IQR)

54 (45–62)

36 (32–38)

49 (45–52)

63 (59–67)

Year of met dx, median (range)

2016 (1983–2023)

2016 (1996–2023)

2015 (1983–2023)

2016 (1998–2023)

Years from primary to metastatic dx, median (IQR)

2.7 (0.4–6.6)

1.2 (0–2.7)

2.5 (0.6–5.5)

3.9 (1.1–9.3)

Subtypee

Luminal A-likec

1202 (29%)

104 (18%)

474 (28%)

624 (32%)

Luminal B-liked

1286 (31%)

172 (30%)

479 (28%)

635 (33%)

HR + /HER2+

427 (10%)

91 (16%)

191 (11%)

145 (8%)

HR−/HER2+

332 (8%)

70 (12%)

148 (9%)

114 (6%)

HR−/HER2-

867 (21%)

128 (22%)

374 (22%)

365 (19%)

Missing

75 (2%)

6 (1%)

27 (2%)

42 (2%)

Subtype different from primary subtypef

392 (18%)

45 (19%)

157 (17%)

190 (19%)

Lines of therapy from dx to last follow-up, median (IQR)

3 (1–6)

3 (1–6)

3 (1–6)

3 (1–5)

Types of metastatic therapy received, from dx to last follow-upg, median (IQR)

ET

3068 (73%)

339 (59%)

1206 (71%)

1523 (79%)

CDK 4/6i

2114 (50%)

230 (40%)

820 (48%)

1064 (55%)

Chemotherapy

3881 (93%)

541 (95%)

1581 (93%)

1759 (91%)

Radiation

1759 (42%)

293 (51%)

747 (44%)

719 (37%)

Number of metastatic sites, from dx to last follow-up, median (IQR)

4 (3–5)

4 (3–5)

4 (3–5)

4 (3–5)

Sites of metastatic disease anytime from dx to last follow-uph, median (IQR)

Bone

2318 (55%)

314 (55%)

916 (54%)

1088 (57%)

Brain

360 (9%)

72 (13%)

161 (10%)

127 (7%)

Liver

1109 (26%)

188 (33%)

487 (29%)

434 (23%)

Lung

814 (19%)

108 (19%)

349 (21%)

357 (19%)

Otheri

2307 (55%)

310 (54%)

943 (56%)

1054 (55%)

  1. CDK4/6i cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitor, DCIS ductal carcinoma in situ, dx diagnosis, ET endocrine therapy, HER2 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, HR + hormone receptor positive, HR− hormone receptor negative, IDC invasive ductal carcinoma, ILC invasive lobular carcinoma, IQR interquartile range, PR progesterone receptor, PV pathogenic variant, y years.
  2. a Variable described by N (%) if not specified.
  3. b Includes pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants. Percent out of N with any germline testing in age group.
  4. c HR + /HER2- with primary tumor grade <3 & met tumor PR staining >=10%.
  5. d HR + /HER2- with primary tumor grade=3 OR met tumor PR staining <10%.
  6. e When metastatic tumor subtyping unavailable, primary tumor subtype used (N = 980).
  7. f Among those with recurrent MBC and with both primary and metastatic subtyping available (N = 2153).
  8. g Multiple types of therapy are possible for one patient.
  9. h Multiple sites of disease are possible for one patient.
  10. i Other sites reported include: bone marrow (1), duodenum (1), axilla lymph nodes (1), ovary (2), skin of breast (2), sternum (1), stomach (3), thyroid (1), uterus (2), choroid (2), endometrium (1), esophagus (2), scalp (1).
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