Table 1 Genetic instruments for serum calcium and 25(OH)D concentrations.

From: Serum calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in relation to longevity, cardiovascular disease and cancer: a Mendelian randomization study

Exposure

Data source

SNPs

VE%

F-statistica

Mean concentrationb

Calcium

Meta-analysis of 28 GWASs

7

0.9

47/111

2.4 mmol/L

Calcium

UK Biobank

198

10.5

17/41

2.4 mmol/L

25(OH)D

Meta-analysis of 31 and 17 GWASs

7

5.3

263/623

NA

25(OH)D

UK Biobank

143

7.5

18/42

49.6 nmol/L

  1. 25(OH)D 25-hydroxyvitamin D, GWAS genome-wide association study, NA not available, VE variance explained, SNP single-nucleotide polymorphism.
  2. aF-statistic was calculated based on the variance explained by used SNPs in the exposure GWAS and the sample size of GWAS by Deelen et al. or Pilling et al.
  3. bThe between-participant SDs for calcium concentrations in the meta-analysis of GWAS and UK Biobank were 0.12 and ~0.09 mmol/L, respectively. The SD for 25(OH)D concentrations in the UK Biobank was ~21.14 nmol/L.
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