Fig. 7
From: Magnetic excitation of a granular gas as a bulk thermostat
Velocity probabilities of agitated particles. a, b Normalized velocity probabilities in each x-, y-, and z direction at the end of the excitation phase (20 ms) and at the end of the non-excited phase (80 ms), respectively, and c velocity-magnitude probabilities. The particle velocities measured at 50 different frames are accumulated for a better statistic for both cases (e.g., turning on: at 0.02, 0.12, 0.22 s…, turning off: at 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 s…). One time frame data contain 3000 number of particles, and data accumulated for 50 time frames, which contain 150,000 number of particles, are utilized statistically. In a, b, Gaussian fits are drawn, and the skewness s and the kurtosis k (subtracted for 3) of the distributions are displayed. In c, the Maxwell–Boltzmann fit is depicted, and nonlinear fits at the exponential tails are also drawn (c: the normalized velocity, α, β: the fitting parameters)
