Table 1 Reported antioxidants applicable for space mitochondria stress.
From: The effects of real and simulated microgravity on cellular mitochondrial function
Name | Synonyms | Mechanism | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
MitoQuinone | - Mitoquinone cation - Plastoquinonyl-decyl-triphenylphosphonium - MitoQ | - Mitochondria-specific target design (triphenylphosphonium) of Coenzyme Q10 - Increasing the electron transporter activity between NADH dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase | |
Methylene blue | - Methylthioninium chloride - 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride | - Increasing the activity of complex IV ROS scavenging | |
Resveratrol | - 3,5,4′-Trihydroxy-trans-stilbene - 3,4′,5-Trihydroxystilbene | - Upregulating mitochondria-located antioxidant enzymes ROS scavenging | |
SkQ1 | - Plastoquinonyl-decyl-triphenylphosphonium - Visomitin | - Mitochondria-specific target design (triphenylphosphonium) of plastoquinone - Increasing the ratio of anti- vs. pro-oxidant concentrations | |
Lipoic acid | - 6,8-Dithiooctanoic acid - Tioctic Acid - Thioctanoic acid - Berlition | - A cofactor for mitochondrial 2-ketoacid dehydrogenases | |
N-acetylcysteine | - Acetylcysteine - Mercapturic acid | - Increasing the intracellular GSH levels |
