Fig. 1: Power spectral density analyses in N2 and N3.
From: Altered sleep spindles and slow waves during space shuttle missions
a Power spectral density: The thick black line represents the average power across all channels, conditions, sessions, and subjects across N2 and N3, while the shaded gray area indicates the standard error. A solid orange line separates the a priori defined slow spindle (9–12 Hz) and fast spindle (12–15 Hz) ranges. Two dashed orange lines show the lower-bound (9 Hz) and upper-bound (15 Hz) of the total spindle frequency band. A clear PSD increase can be observed for frequencies of around 13.5 Hz. Two purple dashed lines indicate the a priori defined slow wave band (0.5–3.5 Hz). b Slow wave band-power: was calculated by integrating over the slow wave band in (a) and finally used in a linear mixed-effects model to evaluate statistical differences between conditions. c Fast spindle band-power: was calculated similar to (b). d Slow spindle band-power: was calculated similar to (b). e Overall spindle band-power: was calculated similar to (b). For b, c, d, and e the large dots represent the estimated marginal means (± standard error) of each condition separated for stages N2 and N3 in the spindle analyses. The smaller dots in the background are individual data points.
