Table 1 Included bone properties for meta-analysis.
From: Bone strength and composition in spacefaring rodents: systematic review and meta-analysis
Parameter | Description | Unit(s) |
|---|---|---|
Measures of whole bone mechanical properties | ||
1. Maximum load | Load at which internal structure begins to fail10, peak load on the load-displacement curve | cm-dyne or N |
2. Yield load | Load beyond which permanent deformation occurs10, the proportional limit on the load-displacement curve | N |
3. Failure load | Load at which bone failure/fracture occurs. | N |
4. Stiffness | Measure of whole bone resistance during elastic deformation10, slope of the initial linear portion of the load-displacement curve | dyne/rad or N/mm |
5. Work to maximum load | Energy required to reach max load, area under the load-displacement curve until max load | Nmm or mJ |
6. Work to failure load | Energy required to reach failure load, area under the load-displacement curve until failure load69 | cm-dyne rad or Nmm |
Measures of tissue-level mechanical properties | ||
1. Elastic modulus | Measure of tissue-level resistance to deformation, tissue-level stiffness10 | GPa or MPa |
2. Yield stress | Measure of stress at the yield point94 | MPa |
Bone density measure | ||
1. Bone mineral density | Mass of bone per unit volume or mass of bone per unit area | mg/mm3, g/cm3, mg/cm3, or mg/cm2 |
Bone composition measures | ||
1. Calcium content | Amount of calcium per mass of dry bone | g/100 g, mg/g, μg/mg, %dry weight, or mol/kg |
2. Phosphorus content | Amount of phosphorus per mass of dry bone | g/100 g, mg/g, μg/mg, or mol/kg |
3. Hydroxyproline content | Mass of hydroxyproline per mass of dry bone | mg/g or μg/mg |
4. Osteocalcin content | Mass of osteocalcin per mass of dry bone | μg/mg, mg/g, or ng/mg |
