Table 1 Ligament forces predicted at fetal tuck 0G (fetal tuck), compared to failure forces from literature (Fail).

From: Effect of microgravity on mechanical loadings in lumbar spine at various postures: a numerical study

Parameter

Ligament

L1L2

L2L3

L3L4

L4L5

L5S1

Fetal tuck

Fail

Fetal Tuck

Fail

Fetal tuck

Fail

Fetal tuck

Fail

Fetal tuck

Fail

Fetal tuck 0G force(N)

ALLa

0.0

415.27

0.0

496.39

0.0

401.23

0.0

489.29

0.0

258.27

PLLa

25.3

366.8

90.0

909.8

57.8

389.1

18.7

659.0

0.0

628.7

ITa

49.2

304.2

41.2

434.5

32.2

236.5

20.0

108.0

10.1

171.8

FLb

122.8

59

147.9

59

100.2

59

38.2

59

11.2

59

ISa

90.3

74.8

91.1

40.9

68.8

87.4

45.9

84.6

4.7

122.0

SSa

142.3

169.0

128.7

55.4

97.9

52.8

71.3

85.9

9.4

168.9

  1. ALL anterior longitudinal ligament, PLL posterior longitudinal ligament, IT intertransverse, FL flavum, IS interspinous, SS supraspinous.
  2. a From Pintar et al. (1992)39.
  3. bFrom Cornaz et al. (2021)40.
  4. The bold values are higher than the fail values measured in literature (Column ‘Fail’), indicating the corresponding ligaments may be in higher risk of damage.
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