Fig. 1: Effect of spaceflight-associated stressors on immune cell number, development, and function.
From: Next generation of astronauts or ESA astronaut 2.0 concept and spotlight on immunity
Immune cells derive from self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells. These cells differentiate into common myeloid progenitor cells (CMP) and common lymphoid progenitor cells (CLP). CMP form megakaryocytes, erythrocytes, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, and monocytes which can give rise to dendritic cells and macrophages, whereas CLP differentiate into T cells, B cells which can give rise to plasma cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Stars indicate if spaceflight-associated stressors affect the number (pink), the development (green), and/or the function (yellow) of each cell type. A black star indicates a lack of data. Created with BioRender.com.
