Fig. 3: Accessible range of convection conditions for a 60Fe-20Cr-20Ni alloy processed in the ISS-EML facility. | npj Microgravity

Fig. 3: Accessible range of convection conditions for a 60Fe-20Cr-20Ni alloy processed in the ISS-EML facility.

From: Electromagnetic levitation containerless processing of metallic materials in microgravity: rapid solidification

Fig. 3

Space testing is important because on ground only the extremes in stirring may be investigated, while in space, convection can be controlled over the entire continuum from laminar to turbulent flow. a Convection range accessible using the ISS-EML facility by selecting a range of heater control voltage settings; velocity points correspond to space run conditions in laminar (green), transition (yellow), and turbulent (red) flow regimes, while open symbols represent the corresponding melt shear. b Delay behavior as a function of undercooling and stirring condition; red/yellow/green colored points correspond to conditions in the previous figure while blue diamonds represent ground EML (significant stirring), open red triangles represent ground ESL(low flow Marangoni convection), and open triangles represent convection-free ESL conditions (zero induced flow).

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