Fig. 5: Simulated microgravity (s-μG) reduces the expression of muscle and mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins in engineered muscle tissues (EMTs). | npj Microgravity

Fig. 5: Simulated microgravity (s-μG) reduces the expression of muscle and mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins in engineered muscle tissues (EMTs).

From: Simulated microgravity attenuates myogenesis and contractile function of 3D engineered skeletal muscle tissues

Fig. 5: Simulated microgravity (s-μG) reduces the expression of muscle and mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins in engineered muscle tissues (EMTs).

a, b The expressions of slow- and fast-myosin heavy chain (MHC) proteins are normalized to GAPDH. c, d The expressions of helix-loop-helix MRF proteins are normalized to GAPDH. e, f The expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ coactivator-1α and β (PGC-1α, β) proteins are normalized to β-actin. Expressions of the slow-MHC, fast-MHC, Myf5, MyoD1, MyoG, and PGC-1β are significantly lower after 5-day s-μG compared to normal gravity controls, suggesting compromised myogenic differentiation and mitochondrial function. Data are mean ± SEM (N = 3, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ns = no significance by unpaired t test).

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