Fig. 1: Experimental data and computational results.

Cardiovascular and ocular experimental data (reported as boxplots, where the 2nd-3rd quartile range delimits the box, red lines mark distribution medians, and outliers are depicted as red crosses) compared to the corresponding model outcomes (yellow stars) at each phase of the HDT experiment. S denotes the baseline (BL) seated posture. MAP a indicates finger mean arterial pressure corrected at heart/brachial level, HR b indicates the heart rate, CO c indicates the cardiac output, SV d indicates the stroke volume, and IOP e indicates the intraocular pressure. Time t starts when subjects are first positioned upright (80° HUT) on the tilt table. Asterisks denote significant (*: p < 0.10, **: p < 0.05) parameter differences in the experimental data between tilt conditions.