Fig. 2: Left ventricular structural changes.
From: Long-duration human spaceflight induces atrophy in the left ventricular papillary muscles
a represents the evolution of the left ventricular sphericity index quantified before and after spaceflight (left axis). b represents the evolution of the mitral annular diameter quantified before and after spaceflight (left axis). Each right subpanel represents individual POST—PRE differences in addition to the mean difference between the two groups with its 95% confidence interval (right axis). Individual values are plotted in overlay (black circles). P value < 0.05 is considered statistically significant. PRE pre-flight, POST post-flight, POST–PRE individual POST–PRE difference, MAD mitral annular diameter measured in four-chamber long-axis view in end-diastole.
