Fig. 3
Mechanical and electrochemical properties of the battery. a Galvanostatic charging and discharging of bulk (blue) and flexible battery (red) in the 1st and 120th cycle at room temperature and 1 C current rating. b Discharge capacity and calculated coulombic efficiency over 120 cycles during charge and discharge cycles for bulk (blue) and flexible battery (red) with a limiting charge voltage at 4.2 V and a discharge cutoff voltage at 3 V. c Finite element analysis (FEA) of bulk and flexible battery under 10 mm bending showing simulated less strain simulated values for flexible battery without Si than the bulk battery with Si d battery under bending optical image and cross section SEM image of flexible battery under 1 mm bending radius. Zoomed-in photo of fracture-free active cathode battery material showing absence of micro-cracks. e Capacity retention under various current ratings 1 C, 2 C, and 0.5 C, respectively, at room temperature for a flexible battery under two conditions; (red) flat with no bending and (green) under 2.5 mm bending. f TEM diffraction pattern image of LCO cathode material exhibiting preferred orientation or texturing and assigned from EDS radial intensity profile (see Supplementary Fig. S6 for peak assignment). Crystal structure of LCO and correlating texturing with lithium-ion diffusion shows that (1 0 4) orientation exhibit higher diffusivity yet strain along the c-axis may increase diffusivity in (0 0 3) oriented crystals
