Fig. 1: Ferromagnetic and magnetoelectric coupling.
From: All organic multiferroic magnetoelectric complexes with strong interfacial spin-dipole interaction
a SEM of the ferromagnetic P-F4TCNQ/ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE) complexes. The inset shows the HRTEM image of P-F4TCNQ. b M–H loops of ferromagnetic P-F4TCNQ/ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE) complexes with different temperature. The up inset is the temperature dependence of ferromagnetic magnetization with different applied magnetic fields. c P–E loops of ferromagnetic P-F4TCNQ/P(VDF-TrFE) complexes. d Magnetic field-dependent ferroelectric polarization of P-F4TCNQ/P(VDF-TrFE) complexes under light illumination of 50 mW. The ON (OFF) denotes that the external magnetic field is tuned on (off). \({{{\mathrm{M}}}} - {{{\mathrm{P}}}} = \frac{{{{{\mathbf{P}}}}\left( {{{\mathbf{B}}}} \right) - {{{\mathbf{P}}}}\left( {{{{\mathbf{B}}}} = 0} \right)}}{{{{{\mathbf{P}}}}\left( {{{{\mathbf{B}}}} = 0} \right)}} \times 100\%\). The error bars are standard deviations of the three times. ON/OFF cycles measurements with different magnetic fields.
