Fig. 11: Hydrogel-based flexible electronics for patient health detection.
From: Hydrogel-based flexible materials for diabetes diagnosis, treatment, and management
a Conceptual view of an automated smart bandage161. b In vitro test of pH variation over time followed by an activation of the heater at pH = 6.5. c Release rate of cefazolin adjusted by heating/re-heating. d Sensing components of a hydrogel sensor: sweat stimulation (left) and ISF extraction (right)162. e Sensor detecting biomarkers (e.g., lactate, caffeine, alcohol, and glucose) from sweat and ISF via iontophoresis. f Schematic illustration of how lactate, BP, and HR readings were taken for a volunteer. g Continuous current recording on sweat-lactate profile of a volunteer during cycling. h BP and HR signals recordings of a sedentary volunteer (left), when the volunteer was cycling (middle), and after cycling (right). Reprinted with permission from refs. 161,162. Copyright 2018 WILEY-VCH and 2021 Springer Nature.
