Table 1 Miniaturized sensor technologies.
From: Flexible Miniaturized Sensor Technologies for Long-Term Physiological Monitoring
Miniaturized sensor technologies | UMBRELLA standard | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
User-friendly | Miniaturized (size) | Biocompatible (risk) | Reliable | Rapid (detection time) | Equipment-free | Long-term (working period) | Low-cost | All-environment-compatible | ||
Portable devices | Paper-based test strips | Y | cm level | Infection (blood); No risk (other biofluids) | Y | Minutes | Y | Disposable | Y | N |
Microfluidic chips | Y | cm level | Y | Minutes | Y | Disposable | Y | N | ||
Wearable devices | Accessories-like smart devices | Y | mm level to cm level | Y | Y | Seconds | Y | Days to months | Y | Y |
Flexible devices | Y | cm level | Y | Y | Seconds | Y | Days | Y | Y | |
E-skin | Y | Coin-sized patch | Y | Y | Seconds | Y | Days | Y | Y | |
Microneedle patches | Y | 0.04 mm2-2 cm2 | Minimal invasion on skin | Y | Seconds | Y | Days | Y | Y | |
Implanted sensors | Implanted sensors | Professionals needed; pain | mm level to cm level | Infection; immune rejection | Y | Seconds | Y | Months to years | N | N |
