Fig. 3: Electromechanical properties of prepared nanofibrous membranes.

a Typical tensile stress-strain curves of the prepared nanofibrous membrane. b Conductivity of PPCN membranes after in situ polymerization for different time. c I–V curves of the TPPCN membranes under different pressures. d Digital images of the touch sensors showing controlled lighting of LEDs through touching on the TPPCN membranes. e, f Comparison of the relative resistance change and response/recovery time of obtained TPPCN membrane with metal mesh template (TPPCN) and without special structure and morphology (TPPCN-blank) under an increased pressure. g Response of the TPPCN membrane with different pressure (0.25, 1.0 and 5.0 kPa) for various frequencies (0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 Hz). h 1000 loading/unloading process cycles toward the pressure variation from 0 to 500 Pa. i GF value of the TPPCN membrane compared with those reported in relevant literatures. The error bars presented in the plots represent the standard deviations of the respective measurements.