Fig. 1: Overview of the HPPS. Schematic illustration of the fabrication of hierarchical in-situ filling porous structure.

Schematic diagram and microscope images of a PDMS emulsion, b CNFs/PDMS emulsion (scale bar: 20 µm). c Schematic diagram and optical image of hierarchical in-situ filling porous structure by DIW printing (scale bar: 1 cm). d Schematic diagram of hierarchical in-situ filling porous structure. e Cross-sectional SEM image of the multilayered lattice structure (scale bar: 200 µm). f Cross-sectional SEM image of inner porous structure in a single lattice rod (scale bar: 200 µm). Inset high magnification SEM image of CNFs networks embedding in a single pore structure (scale bar: 5 µm). g Schematic structure of the HPPS. h Optical image of hierarchical in-situ filling porous structure with different sizes. i Optical image of HPPS.