Fig. 2: Fundamental behavioural ability with electronics.

a Schematic cross-sectional illustration of abdominal segments with thin films attached using an adhesive-nonadhesive interleaving structure. The interleaving structure enables outward bending of the thin films during the deformation of the abdomen. b, c Images of traversing the obstacle near the starting point (b) and near the end point (c). Scale bars, 10 mm. d Box-plots of traversing time under various abdominal conditions. Left: free condition with no film, Centre: abdomen is fixed with a thick film, Right: 3 µm thick parylene film was adhered onto the abdomen with interleaving structure. Center line, median; box limits, upper and lower quartiles; whiskers, 1.5x interquartile range; points, outliers. e, f Photographs of the self-righting attempt while the insect was upside-down (e) and after a successful attempt (f). Scale bars, 10 mm. g Calculated buckling load of the films attached to the abdomen as a function of the film thickness. Red circles and blue squares represent the parylene film (E = 4.0 GPa) and PDMS film (E = 3.3 MPa), respectively. h Righting success rate as a function of the buckling load. Red circles and blue squares represent parylene and PDMS film. i Righting success rate for various thoracic and abdominal conditions. The error bars in h, and i represent the standard deviations for each condition.