Fig. 3: VOC loss of the CZTSSe thin film in different bending modes. | npj Flexible Electronics

Fig. 3: VOC loss of the CZTSSe thin film in different bending modes.

From: Flexible kesterite thin-film solar cells under stress

Fig. 3

a–h Surface topography (a, c, e, g) and local VOC variation map (b, d, f, h) of Na-undoped and doped CZTSSe in the concave and convex states. (scale bar: 1 μm) i Surface photo-voltage (SPV) at GBs for CZTSSe with and without Na. j Diagrams of the polycrystalline CZTSSe grains under planar, concave, and convex bending states. The red and blue spheres indicate electrons and holes, respectively. k Schematic band diagrams of the CZTSSe under the dark state and illuminated condition with the generation of SPV.

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