Fig. 5: Working mechanism of the PMPPF electrical device.

a–c Stretch modes: a Schematic of sensor under low strain and high strain. b Optical microscope images of stretched sensor from surface topography. c Finite element simulates the stretching process. d–f Compression modes: d Schematic of sensor under low pressure and high pressure. e Optical microscope images of compression sensor from cross section topography. f Finite element simulates the compression process. g–i Bending modes: g Schematic of sensor under bending. h Optical microscope images of bending sensor from surface section topography. i Finite element simulates the bending process.