Fig. 4: Proton detection response of fully organic flexible indirect detectors.

a Dynamic response of a detector with a PSS100-based scintillator for different impinging proton fluxes. The inset expands the lower fluxes. Exposure time window: t_exp = 10 s; OPT working polarization: V_ds = V_g = −1 V. b Values of the photocurrent normalized to the dark current as a function of the proton flux (red squares for PSS100 and green circles for PVP-MPS scintillators). t_exp = 10 s. c Variation of proton-induced photocurrent normalized by the maximum value recorded for the detector in flat configuration vs. the proton flux impinging onto the device, for the flat (blue squares) and the bent (red circles) samples. The inset shows the experimental set-up used for the characterization of the detector during bending. d Typical transfer curves of the detector with PVP-MPS-based scintillator before and after exposure under irradiation at 6.5 × 10⁷ H⁺ s⁻¹ cm⁻² for t_exp = 50 min. Forward and reverse curves are reported. e Characteristic τ of the signal formation and decay as a function of the proton flux. f Optical power density generated by the stand-alone scintillators (black and blue dots) as a function of the proton flux and by the indirect detector (OPT coupled with the scintillator) under proton irradiation (red and green dots) expressed in terms of equivalent optical power density as a function of the proton flux.