Fig. 4: On-skin application demonstration.

a Schematic illustration of braille recognition with MDPS. b Acquired voltage signals from MDPS while an user reads braille letters ETRI-KAIST. c Sequentially visualized pressed taxels while reading the braille letters. d Schematic illustration of MDPS for the letter recognition on a forearm. e Classification accuracies of reference and MDPS of letter recognition through machine-learning based on convolutional neural network.