Table 1 Comparison of recent exosuit studies for estimation of metabolic costs and physical effort.

From: Soft wearable flexible bioelectronics integrated with an ankle-foot exoskeleton for estimation of metabolic costs and physical effort

Reference

Metabolic cost estimation

HRV-RMSSD calculation

Biosensor form factor

Metabolic cost to HRV-RMSSD correlation

Signal-to-noise ratio (dB)

Device

Activity

Application

This work

✓

✓

Soft, low-profile biopatch

−0.758

32.19 (ECG)

In-lab assembled ECG device + Commercial calorimetry

Walking, running, squatting

Squatting exoskeleton

38

-

✓

Lead II wired ECG

N/A

Not specified

Commercial

Walking

Robot-assisted gait training

39

-

✓

Lead II wired ECG

N/A

Not specified

Commercial

Passive leg movement

Passive lower limb

40

-

✓

Portable lead II wired ECG

N/A

Not specified

Commercial

Walking, mild training

Robotic locomotor

5

✓

-

-

N/A

N/A

Commercial

Walking

Walking exoskeleton

41

✓

-

-

N/A

N/A

Commercial

Walking

Lower limb exoskeleton

42

✓

-

-

N/A

N/A

Commercial

Walking, running

Hip flexion assistant

43

✓

-

-

N/A

N/A

Commercial

Assisted walking

Oscillator

12

✓

-

-

N/A

N/A

Commercial

Walking

Hip assistance exoskeleton

44

✓

-

-

N/A

N/A

Commercial

Loaded walking

Walking exoskeleton

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